The Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay

The Role of the Watch in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Indeed, even the easygoing peruser of William Faulkner will perceive the component of time as an essential one in a significant part of the author's work, and the basic consideration given to the subject of time in Faulkner assuredly fills numerous pages of analysis. A goodly number of those pages of analysis manage the notable short story, A Rose for Emily. Several researchers, most outstandingly Paul McGlynn, have attempted to unwind the confounding sequence of this work (461-62). Others have given an assortment of representative and mental purposes behind Emily Grierson's powerlessness (or refusal) to recognize the progression of time. However in the entirety of this cautious artistic examination, nobody has talked about one alarming and along these lines exceptionally huge detail. At the point when we initially meet Miss Emily, she conveys in a pocket some place inside her dress an imperceptible watch ticking toward the finish of [a] gold chain (Faulkner 121). What might a lady l ike Emily Grierson, who appears to us fixed previously and unaware of any progressing of time, need with a watch? A familiarity with the importance of this watch, in any case, is vital for an away from of Miss Emily herself. The watch's arrangement in her pocket, its bizarrely noisy ticking, and the chain to which it is appended outline both her endeavors to control the section of the years and the outcomes of such an at last pointless exertion. The figure of speech of having a person or thing in one's pocket, that is, under one's very own control, is significant here, for by wearing the watch in her pocket as opposed to, state, stuck to her bodice, Emily shows her push to subjugat e the clock to her own will. In gazing intently at the council members who have come about the charges, ... ...for what's going on to us, we before long learn, isn't new to Miss Emily. Over and again, she has endeavored to control time, to fix individuals and occasions before, and the stru cture of the story reflects this. Additionally, since the story starts and finishes, pretty much, with Emily's memorial service (a mind-blowing occasions being introduced to us in a progression of flashbacks), next to no genuine time goes over the span of the narrativ e. By revealing to her story after her demise, Faulkner shows that, in the main way that is available, time presently stops for her. Accordingly this one little detail, the covered up yet continually ticking watch, turns into an image for the awfulness and pointlessness that are Emily Grierson. WORKS CITED Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. Collected Stories. New York: Vintage, 1977. 119-30. McGlynn, Paul. The Chronology of 'A Rose for Emily.' Studies in Short Fiction, 6 (1969): 461-62.

Funding proposal local resilienc prject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Subsidizing proposition nearby resilienc prject - Essay Example For the beach front zones, it implies disintegration and clearing of individuals living close to the coastlines. As indicated by Dorrell, R. also, Wentworth, J. (2010, p.1) UK has about 16,000,000 individuals influenced by floods as of September 2010, in light of the fact that 30% of England and Wales live close to the beach front zones. Thousands lose their capacity flexibly during overwhelming downpours, storm, or abnormally chilly winter. Some kick the bucket. In view of the investigation of Kapucu, Naim PhD. (2009), Losses added up to billions of Sterling Pounds in 1987 alone. A perfect Local Resiliency Project ought to be the arrangement of Local Authorities, Community Association individuals, and SMEs for the arranging, the executives, and control of arrangements that will address the issues of all network individuals. There are those arrangements that lone the administration can bear to plan. These future the all around prepared Special Rescue Forces and significant gear for s alvage and departure of individuals and properties, specifically, hard core vessels, plunging supplies, armed force trucks, helicopters, emergency vehicle, night vision gadgets. Furthermore, there are foundations that Joint Ventures can develop on solid, higher grounds where individuals can be emptied. Preferably, these frameworks should comprise of strong lodging options and the solid Storage Depot of essential requirements for endurance day and night. In the long run, the property holders themselves can become investors of every one of these speculations. It can begin with a Grant for the association, arranging, and beginning executions. In the end, the picked area of the Storage Depot should oblige elective lodging that individuals in marshes can in the end own through financing plans. Segment 3. Target of Projects and Project Outcomes (300 words ) Lancashire Coastline people group will be the prompt recipient of this Local Resiliency Project. This venture proposition explains th e basic needs of the network wherein a Local Resiliency Project will be propelled. It will at that point build up an emergency course of action whereby any mimicked debacle or genuine disaster can have a comparable legitimate reaction that ought to nullify the undesirable effect for most mortgage holders and organizations. Along these lines, the goals incorporate the accompanying: a. To portray the network and explicit area that will be associated with the formation of a Local Resiliency Project, regarding the standard characteristic aggravation dependent on past months and years; b. To expand the detailed results of those disasters previously; c. To distinguish requirements of the network in order to stay beneficial during and after the fiascos; d. To portray the sensible cure alongside the ramifications of giving an answer; e. To assess cost of having such arrangements; f. To sum up the advantages of contributing on such a proposed Local Resiliency Project; g. To build up a game p lan with timetable for usage and upkeep; h. To recognize individuals and associations who ought to be help responsible and liable for the different phases of the task proposition; I. To demonstrate how this task will bring about a versatile network over numerous years to come; j. To determine confinements of such arrangements for the network. Segment 4. Articulation of Needs, Characteristics of Beneficiaries ( 500 words ) Large towns make up the beach front settlements of

Riot Roundup The Best Books We Read In July 2018

Riot Roundup The Best Books We Read In July 2018 We asked our contributors to share the best book they read last month. We’ve got fiction, nonfiction, YA, and much, much moreâ€"there are book recommendations for everyone here! Some are old, some are new, and some aren’t even out yet. Enjoy and tell us about the highlight of your reading month in the comments. And Now We Have Everything: On Motherhood Before I Was Ready by Meaghan O’Connell This is the book for everyone who wants to know what it’s really like to be pregnant, give birth, and take care of an infant. Or it’s one version of what it’s really like; of course everyone’s experience is different. But Meaghan O’Connell tells all the truths about her experiences and it spoke to me like no other book about motherhood has spoken to me so far. I loved it. â€"Rebecca Hussey Circe by Madeline Miller Madeline Miller writing about a mythical witch who interacts with everyone important from Greek myths? Um, yes, please. It was pure delight to spend time with Miller’s version of Circe, a minor immortal who becomes a powerful witch after her father, Helios, banishes her to a lonely island. Along the way, Circe meets legendary creatures like Scylla and the Minotaur; famous mortals like Odysseus and Daedalus; and, of course, alternately bored and vengeful Olympians like Hermes and Athena. But what shines through most is a sense of Circe as a person, not just a figure from mythsâ€"someone who struggles to choose between the immortal beings of her family and the mortals she begins to love. â€"Kathleen Keenan Convenience Store Woman by Sayaka Murata, translated by Ginny Tapley Takemori August is Women in Translation Month and I was going to read Convenience Store Woman as part of that but I just couldn’t wait! Keiko Furukura has worked at a convenience store for 18 years, comfortable in the patterns and norms of the store and its customers but aware of her family and society’s general disappointment in her. When a young man enters her life she has the chance to change everythingâ€"if she wants to. From one of Japan’s most exciting contemporary writers, Convenience Store Woman is a dark, funny, and compelling novel with a heroine that defies convention and description. â€"Pierce Alquist Damaged Goods by Talia Hibbert Jess and I recently talked on When In Romance about whyâ€"despite the many amazing debut  authors of 2018â€"Talia Hibbert is shaping up to be the breakout romance author  of the year. Damaged Goods shows that we didn’t even get into the half of it: Hibbert is able to both subvert the “other woman” narrative by making a heroine of someone who could have been just a one-dimensional secondary character from Hibbert’s A Girl Like Her (also excellent, BTW) and also tell a satisfying and empowering “damsel in distress” story. AND she does it all in less than 200 pages about a year after publishing her first book. Start reading Talia Hibbert  now so that you can spend the next decade telling your book club friends “I told you so.” â€"Trisha Brown Darkest Night by Megan Erickson Im a fan of romances in which the power dynamic is basically level from the very start. This book 100% fit that bill and it gave me all the feels. Despite initial appearances, Jock and Fiona are matched in every way. Jock may be a complete alpha and Fionas ultimate protector but she, in turn, has the power to level him with just a glance. The sense of balance between Jock and Fiona in this book allows these two to open up intimately and emotionally with one another in a way that I just did not think was possible given the premise. That balance also paves the way for them to excel personally. These two kick some serious ass. â€"Erin McCoy Dread Nation by Justina Ireland BADASS WOMEN OF COLOR FIGHTING CIVIL WAR ZOMBIES! I mean, do you need to know anything else? Just read it already! â€"Susie Dumond Darius The Great Is Not Okay by Adib Khorram (Dial Books, August 28) Darius is a Persian-American teen boy who loves tea and struggles with mental health issues and feelings of not fitting in anywhere. I never thought I’d have anything in common with a boy like this, but this book made me see that awkwardness is universal. Coming of age can be difficult but we can all rise to the challenge. All I wanted to do when I was finished reading this YA book was to give it a great big hug. â€"Christina M. Rau Final Draft by Riley Redgate I loved Redgates previous book, Noteworthy, so of course I had to pick up Final Draft. It tackles writing angst, mental health, high school graduation, and queer romance, among many other things. I ended up crying at 1:00am as I finished the book, which I did not sign up for, but loved nonetheless. â€"Jessica Yang Here to Stay by Sara Farizan (Algonquin Young Readers, September 28) I’ve really enjoyed everything I’ve read by Sara Farizan so far, so obviously I was very excited to get my hands on her new book, Here To Stay. And it did not disappoint! I absolutely fell in love with Bijan, the son of Persian and Jordanian parents just trying to deal with typical high school drama like making it on the basketball team and not embarrassing himself in front of his crushuntil a photoshopped image of him as a terrorist is emailed out to the whole school opening a big old can of prejudice and racism. I also loved how it showed the depth and breadth of teen experience how they can be both bullies and forces for meaningful change, even when the adults around them are resistant to it. â€"Rachel Brittain How To Love a Jamaican: Stories by Alexia Arthurs This collection is near-perfect, a variation of experiences surrounding Jamaicans, both on the island and living away from their homeland. The language is beautiful, the writing is emotionally gripping, and the stories are imaginative and visceral. The one about the mermaid dolls slayed me. I am excited to see what Arthurs does next. But first I’m pushing this book on everyone. â€"Liberty Hardy The Immortalists by Chloe Benjamin This is one of those books I’ll be thinking about for a long time.Would I want to know the date of my death? What would I do with it if I did? The four siblings in this novel have their entire lives shaped by their childhood visit to a fortune teller, and the four kinds of lives they live are rich and varied and thoroughly researched. This novel is both literary and beautifully written without being hard to readâ€"and it’s both character- and plot-driven. Highly recommended to pack in your suitcase if you want to spend a few hours on the beach or elsewhere immersed in wonderful storytelling. â€"Claire Handscombe The Kiss Quotient by Helen Hoang This book is SO SWEET. Like, take whatever you’ve heard about it and multiply it by a big number. It is THAT sweet. Also steamy. Real steamy. But mostly SO SWEET OMG. â€"Annika Barranti Klein The Library Book by Susan Orlean (Simon Schuster, October 16) Having read (and loved) Orlean’s work in the past, I knew this would be an incredible work of narrative, immersive journalism. And it was. Using the mystery of a massive library fire as a jumping-off point, Orlean creates a gorgeous love letter to books, to libraries, and to collective knowledge. This is one of my favorite reads in a very long time. Also, it made me sad I didn’t go to school for library science. Sigh. â€"Steph Auteri The Little Stranger by Sarah Waters The upcoming movie prompted me to reread my favorite book by Sarah Waters, one of my favorite authors. The book tells that story of a wealthy English family that’s fallen on hard times and the doctor who looks after them as they deal with increasingly frightening incidents in their run-down old home. It’s spooky and strange and mysterious with an extremely unsettling ending on a first reading. On a second reading, it’s just as good but in a different way, since you can see all the clues Waters plants as to what’s really going on. With that knowledge, I found parts of it even creepier the second time! â€"Teresa Preston The Mandela Plot by Kenneth Bonert (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, August 7) This is a pulverizingly gripping novel, with quite a few pulse-pounding, incredibly vivid scenes. It’s a coming-of-age story about a privileged Jewish teenager growing up in apartheid-era Johannesburg, who gets swept up into violence and activism. It’s fascinating as a portrait of an insular South African community, as a wrenching look at inequality, and as an examination of duty. â€"Christine Ro Nemesis by Philip Roth Just thinking of this book makes me cry. We lost Philip Roth too soon this year, when we need his words the most. This novel talks about a polio epidemic, and one teacher trying to balance courage with fear and common sense. It talks about the futility of panic during disaster, and having to weather tragedy. â€"Priya Sridhar Night Sky with Exit Wounds by Ocean Vuong A beautiful, raw collection of poetry full of vivid imagery and explorations of form. Vuong circles back time and again on vulnerable themes of family history, heritage, sexuality, and trying to make sense of it all while growing up. In one of my favorite poems from the collection (titled “Someday I’ll Love Ocean Vuong”), he writes, “The most beautiful part of your body / is where it’s headed. remember, / loneliness is still time spent / with the world.” â€"Emily Polson The Proposal by Jasmine Guillory (Berkley, October 30) Guillory’s follow-up to The Wedding Date has Drew’s BFF, Carlos, in the role of romantic hero, dating a writer who experiences a comically bad proposal in the middle of Dodgers Stadium. The Proposal has everything you could want from a romantic comedy: fun leads, awesome friendships, feminism, sooooo much food. If you loved The Wedding Date you won’t be disappointed! â€"Tasha Brandstatter Sadie by Courtney Summers (Wednesday Books, September 4) Summers has written a novel that shines a spotlight on our true crime obsessionâ€"hello, podcastsâ€"while keeping the violence just off the page, reminding us that we’ve gone too far into voyeuristic territory and need to remember the victims. In this case it’s Sadie and her sister. Sadie, a stubborn and smart mouthed young woman, leaves her small town to find her little sister’s killer and kill him herself. Looking for Sadie is a podcast host who’s learning about Sadie and her sister’s life in the hopes of finding Sadie. A brilliant crime novel that speaks volumes about our true crime obsessionâ€"Sadie will stay with you long after the final page. â€"Jamie Canaves Suicide Club by Rachel Heng Heng tells the story of a dystopian world where humans are seeking and achieving immortality through (unpleasant and controlling) government health directives and incredible medical discoveries. I hadnt read such an intriguing and gripping dystopian book in quite a while; main characters Lea and Anja go through a journey that will keep me thinking about life and the blessing of deathâ€"because at heart, this is what this book is aboutâ€"for weeks to come. â€"Nicole Froio Tess of the Road by Rachel Hartman This book is a masterclass in “slow” books and “unlikable” characters and respecting pronouns and not blaming women for the foul acts men perpetrate on them, rolled into a fantasy adventure story. â€"Sarah Nicolas A Thousand Beginnings and Endings edited by Ellen Oh and Elsie Chapman Last year my favorite short story collection was The Djinn Falls in Love. This year it’s (probably) going to be this collection of Southeast Asian myth and fairytale retellings. They’re amazing and creative and perfect. From the lovely opening story “Forbidden Fruit” by Roshani Chokshiâ€"about a mountain spirit that leans over a little too far and falls in love with a human boyâ€"to an MMORPG afterlife in “The Land of the Morning Calm” by E.C. Myers, these stories linger a long time after reading. If you enjoyed The Djinn Falls in Love or The Starlit Wood, you need these stories in your life. â€"Margaret Kingsbury Tigerbelle: The Wyomia Tyus Story by Wyomia Tyus and Elizabeth Terzakis (Akashic Books, September 4) The first person to win back-to-back 100m at the Olympics was a black woman. Did you know that? I didn’t. An icon for so many reasons, Tyus is often left out of lists of our best US athletes. In this memoir, she tells her own story while also outlining the biases she faced as a black female athlete and proposing ways that the US could support its women athletes better. A quick, excellent read. â€"Leah Rachel von Essen The War Outside by Monica Hesse (Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, September 25) I did not expect this book to knock me off my feet with its lyrical brilliance, vivid storyline, and heart wrenching ending. Let’s just say, if all historical fiction was like this book, it’d be my most-read genre. In Crystal City, Texas, there is an internment camp that houses both German and Japanese familiesâ€"the only one of its kind. For Haruko, this is the chance to reunite her mother and sister with her father, who was placed there after being accused “suspicious activity.” German-American Margot and her family were sent to Texas after her father attends a meeting for the American Nazi party, seemingly under completely innocent motives. These two would have no reason to interact, let alone get along. Despite the immense odds and the war outside, Margot and Haruko form an inseparable bond that changes the course of their lives. â€"Kate Krug We Are Never Meeting in Real Life: Essays by Samantha Irby I was aware of Samantha Irby’s work but wasn’t inspired to pick up one of her books until hearing her on the Crooked Media podcast, Keep It. She was funny and slightly dark; everything I look for in people I decide are my friends in my head. So I downloaded the audio of We Are Never Meeting in Real Life and laughed and cried my way through the entire thing. Her self-deprecation mixed with humor and pain came through loud and clear in this collection of essays and had me feeling both seen and wanting to see more of the inner life of Ms. Irby. â€"Elizabeth Allen We Are Okay by Nina LaCour This was an amazing audiobook, with a particularly sensitive and moving narration by Jorjeana Marie. The book is about about Marin, who is grappling with layers of grief while also navigating the confusing transition into adulthood. LaCour tackles a lot in such a short novelâ€"first love, loss of home and family, blossoming adulthoodâ€"and yet it is so focused on this one young woman’s poignant story that it felt fleshed out and well-handled. I will definitely be looking for more of LaCours books. â€"Heather Bottoms What They Dont Know by Nicole Maggi (Sourcebooks Fire, October 2) Mellie is a good girl from a good family, and Lise is the outspoken feminist friend who shows her that good people can outgrow their family’s beliefs. When Mellie is raped and becomes pregnant, she grapples with the trauma of the rape and then the panic of what to do next. She can’t tell anyone, because they will assume she’s a heathen who is lying about the rape only because she got pregnant. She visits clinics that lie to her. She hides from everyone and everything â€" except her journal. It’s heart-wrenching. I cried and screamed and stayed up past my bedtime to finish reading her story. Disclosure: I work for the publisher and I’d love this book even if I didn’t work on it. â€"Ashley Holstrom Writing Reviews for Readers’ Advisory by Brad Hooper (American Library Association) Nerd alert! I’ve been book-blogging for a few years now, mostly writing reviews of just about everything I read in my own little corner of the internet. It’s come to my attention, however, that my blog isn’t really of use to anyone thanks to, frankly, poorly-written reviews. I work at a library and obviously write here for Book Riot, but that just isn’t enough books for me, so I picked up this how-to by Brad Hooper. I expected maybe a few nuggets here and there, but was surprised by the level of detail Hooper achieves in not just writing reviews, but writing reviews well and usefully, particularly given the brevity of the book. Hooper includes examples that really illustrate his points and is very clearly an authoritative voice in the world of book reviews. If you’re looking for something on how to become such a voice, this is a great place to start. â€"Abby Hargreaves What We Owe by Golnaz Hashemzadeh Bonde (HMH, October 16) Truth be told, when I got this, I put it aside because I had other things to read. My toddler son kept picking it up out of the big TBR pile and kept “reading” it. I decided to take a hint from him and move it up on my list, and I am so glad I did. It’s a slim volume and I read it in one or two sittings, but don’t let that fool you. Set in Tehran, Sweden, and the US, Nahid narrates her tale of meeting her husband and resisting the Shah’s regime. Eventually, they flee to Sweden, and now, decades later, Nahid is dying while her daughter is getting ready to have a baby. Life is juxtaposed with death, resistance and revolution and rebirth are woven throughout the pages, and what it means to be a wife, daughter, sister, mother, and woman are unflinchingly examined in this book. This book is a powerhouse, and I don’t use that term often. â€"Jaime Herndon Wins Losses by Alexandra Warren Alexandra Warren always provides a solid romance novel and Wins Losses was no different. Our main character, Carmen, is back in her hometown after her father is murdered. Moving back home presents its own set of surprises, one being Nasir Valentine, her brothers basketball coach. These two are a perfect match and while this story is filled with its heartbreaking moments and multi-layered plot, Warren gives readers a great romance with a strong familial bond, pop culture references I loved, and a much-needed laugh or two. â€"Natalya Muncuff

What Is the GOP Establishment

What does the term the establishment mean? It likely made its first appearance in print in  1958, in  the  British magazine New Statesman, in reference to the ruling classes that dominated social, religious, and political life in  Great Britain. To young Americans in the 1960s, it meant the entrenched powers in Washington, D.C., which were mostly made up of older conservative white men. In other words, the Republican Party. Ultimately, the counterculture did little to whittle away at the status quo  or the political power it wielded. While the term the establishment remains derisive, what has changed is the number of people who are now part of it. Today, just about everyone who holds political office is considered part of the establishment.  Still,  there have been a few outliers in recent years. The GOP Establishment Although many Democrats can certainly be included in the establishment, and there are a few so-called radical Republicans  who balk at  the political orthodoxy,  the term traditionally refers to the permanent political class and structure that makes up the  GOP.  The establishment within the Republican party tends to control the rules of the party system, party elections, and funding disbursements. The establishment is typically viewed as more elitist, politically moderate, and out of touch with true conservative voters. The People Push Back A series of loosely organized Tax Day protests in the early 1990s eventually gave rise to one of the most widespread revolts against the establishment in decades. Although made up primarily of conservatives, the modern-day Tea Party was organized in part  to hold the GOP  establishment accountable for betraying certain key conservative principles. As the Tea Partiers saw it, the GOP establishments refusal to reduce the size of government and balance the budget was a direct hit to middle-class pocketbooks. Tea Party supporters gather for a rally against the Iran nuclear deal in Washington, D.C. September 9, 2015. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images The GOPs strategy of winning at any costs also drew Tea Party ire. Such an establishment position led to Republican support of politicians such as Arlen Specter, who left the party to join the Democrats and cast the deciding vote for Obamacare, and Charlie Crist, a former popular Florida Republican who bailed the party because he was certain to lose the GOP nomination for Senate in 2010. The Rise of Sarah Palin   Although herself a Republican and the vice president of choice for GOP establishmentarian John McCain, former Alaska Governor  Sarah Palin was considered a hero among the Tea Partiers for calling out Washingtons good old boy system.   Sarah Palin speaks at a Tea Party rally on July 14, 2012 in Belleville, Michigan. Bill Pugliano/Getty Images This good old boy system keeps the establishment in power with the application of its  next-in-line strategy come election time. Those who have been around Washington the longest and built up a network of fellow establishment insiders are the ones who most deserve GOP support. This has led to unimpressive presidential candidates like George H.W. Bush, Bob Dole, and John McCain, and is likely a top reason for Barack Obamas win in 2008. The establishment also props up candidates in the senate, congressional, and gubernatorial elections and regularly had their way until the post-George W. Bush Tea Party revolution, as columnist  Michelle Malkin  regularly pointed out on her website. In a Facebook post from 2012, Palin wrote this searing indictment of the Republican election process: The Republican establishment which fought Ronald Reagan in the 1970s and which continues to fight the grassroots Tea Party movement today has adopted the tactics of the left in using the media and the politics of personal destruction to attack an opponent. In spite of the medias ongoing derision of both her personality and her politics, Sarah Palin has been one of the most effective anti-establishment activists and has turned multiple primary elections upside down. In both 2010 and 2012, her endorsements helped catapult a number of candidates into wins against the presumptive nominees.   Other GOP Rebels In addition to Palin, chief antagonists of the Republican establishment including Speaker of the House  Paul Ryan, and Senators Ron Paul, Rand Paul, Jim DeMint, and  Ted Cruz.  Also, a number of organizations have been created to oppose  establishment candidates and support conservative and Tea Party  alternatives. Those organizations include Freedom Works, the Club for Growth, the Tea Party Express, and hundreds of local grassroots organizations that have sprouted up since 2009. Draining the Swamp? Many political pundits consider the presidency of Donald Trump an act of rebellion against the establishment. Detractors believe that his reign  will likely result in nothing short of the destruction of the Republican Party itself. Now considered primarily a  radical populist, Trump spoke many times during his campaign about the importance of draining the swamp of its long-entrenched establishment. But one year into his presidency it was apparent that it was business as usual in Washington. Not only did Trump hire family members to key positions, former longtime lobbyists also received juicy posts. Spending within the first year was at an all-time high, with no talk of balancing the budget and decreasing the deficit, which is projected to tip the $1 trillion dollar point again in 2019, according to an economic think tank. As Tony Lee, writing for Breitbart News, points out, it may no longer be fair to define the establishment as solely GOP but rather, Those who want to preserve the status quo because they directly benefit from it and dont challenge the political-media industrial complex.

Infertility, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome...

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that affects many different parts of the body, not just the ovaries. The list of ailments associated with polycystic ovary syndrome is long, ranging from skin tags, dark skin patches, and hirsutism (male patterned hair growth) to liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. The symptoms that contribute to infertility are irregular menstrual cycles, an†¦show more content†¦Radiologic abnormalities on an ultrasound would show polycystic ovaries. Polycystic ovaries are the formation of clusters of pearl-sized cysts containing immature eggs in the ovaries. In healthy women, a follicle grows and at the time of ovulation, an egg is released into the Fallopian tube. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the development of the follicle is arrested and the egg does not burst forth. Therefore, the egg dies and the follicle becomes a cyst that remains in the ovary (Banning 635-636). A clinical feature of polycystic ovary syndrome is anovulation. Anovulation is the absence of ovulation. Ovulation is the process in which the ovary releases an egg into the Fallopian tube. If an egg is not present to meet the sperm in the Fallopian tube, then conception cannot take place. If a woman is not ovulating then she is not able to conceive. Therefore, anovulation is the most common cause of infertility (Raffone, Rizzo and Benedetto 275). Anovulation is a symptom of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is when the body’s cells do not respond to insulin. When this happens the level of glucose in the blood increases. Insulin resistance may also cause more insulin to be produced as the body tries to move glucose into cells (Sedwick 1). High insulin levels may cause the appetite to increase and lead to imbalances in other hormones. Insulin resistance is considered an early form of diabetes. Insulin Resistance affects both men andShow MoreRelatedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome2477 Words   |  10 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Case findings of women with polycystic ovary syndrome were first documented in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr., and Michael L. LeventhalRead MoreA Brief Article On Ovary Syndrome ( Pcos )1654 Words   |  7 PagesPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) By Navodita Maurice | Submitted On September 01, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Navodita Maurice The endocrine disorders among females are of various

Photosynthesis Free Essays

string(43) " lamp at various distances from the plant\." The leaves are the part of a plant where most photosynthesis takes place. If you cut a leaf in half and look at the cut end, it would look like this: Key: 1. Waxy cuticle: this gives the leaf a waterproof layer, which lets in light. We will write a custom essay sample on Photosynthesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Upper epidermis: provides an upper surface. 3. Palisade cells: contain chloroplasts. 4. Spongy mesophyll: collection of damp, loosely packed cells. 5. Lower epidermis: layer of cells on the lower surface. 6. Air space inside the leaf: allows contact between air and moist cell surfaces. 7. Stoma: a hole in the leaf through which gases diffuse. . Guard cells: change shape to close the stoma. One unique feature of leaves is that they have tiny holes in them to let carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit. The hole formed between these cells is called a stoma. A stoma is just a hole. It is controlled by two guard cells, which change shape to either open or close the hole. Something makes water enter the cells by osmosis and so they swell up and change shape, but no one is quite sure of the trigger. The stomata (air holes) on plants are normally open during the day and closed at night. These stomata are found on the undersides of leaves. This is because if they faced the sunlight, some of the plant’s precious water could evaporate out of them. [IMAGE] Guard cells Hole Open stoma Closed stoma Photosynthesis is the way that plants make their food using energy from sunlight. This is the word equation: [IMAGE] Plants use the green dye (or pigment) called chlorophyll to pick up the energy from the sunlight. Plants make sugar and use some of it for energy to keep them alive (respiration) but they also use some for growth and repair by making fats and proteins. However, it is not always sunny so plants need to be able to store some of the sugar they make, so they convert it to a storage carbohydrate (starch). Plants could use starch or glucose. Starch is insoluble (it does not dissolve in water) while glucose is soluble. This means that if starch is used, less water is required to keep its food stored. The amounts of water, carbon dioxide, sunlight and temperature can all affect how effectively a plant carries out photosynthesis. The amount of water is effected by how much is taken up through the roots and how much is lost from the leaves. If less water is available in the leaf then photosynthesis will occur more slowly. Similarly, if there is less carbon dioxide around then photosynthesis will occur more slowly. There wont be enough of the fuel (substrate) to get the reaction to work. If there is less sun, which usually means it is cooler too, then there is less energy for photosynthesis and it occurs more slowly. So photosynthesis works best when it is warm and sunny. Aim === The aim of my experiment is to determine whether or not the intensity of light will affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I am going to observe Canadian pond weed (Elodea) under varying light intensities. The Elodea will be submerged in water. I will count the amount of oxygen given off in this experiment by counting the number of bubbles produced. I used Canadian pondweed because of its unusual ability to emit bubbles of gas from a cut end, when placed in water. Introduction Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis can be expressed as: sunlight [IMAGE]Carbon dioxide + water sugar (glucose) + oxygen + water CO2 + H2O C6H2O6 + O2 + H2O All plants need light in order to photosynthesise. This has been proven many times in experiments, so it is possible to say that without light, the plant would die. The reason that light intensity does affect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light (and therefore energy) falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. As the amount of sunlight (or in this case light from a bulb) falls on the plant, energy is absorbed. This means that energy is available for the chemical reactions, and so photosynthesis takes place. The more light there is that falls on the leaf in the first place, the quicker the rate that the reaction can take place. There are many factors which will affect the rate of photosynthesis, including light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration. The maximum rate of photosynthesis will be controlled by a limiting factor. This factor will prevent the rate of photosynthesis from rising above a certain level, even if the other conditions needed for photosynthesis are improved. It will therefore be necessary to control these factors throughout the experiment so as not to let them affect the reliability of my investigation into the effect of light intensity. Predictions ———– I predict that as the intensity of light increase, so will the rate of photosynthesis. I also predict that if the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase at a proportional rate until a certain level is reached, and the rate of increase will then go down. Eventually, a level will be reached where an increase in light intensity will have no further effect on the rate of photosynthesis, as there will be another limiting factor, in this case probably temperature. Preliminary work =============== Initially, to determine a suitable range of levels of light intensities at which to record results for my experiment, I did a preliminary investigation in which I recorded the number of bubbles of oxygen given off in a given time at various light intensities. To alter the light intensity, I placed a lamp at various distances from the plant. You read "Photosynthesis" in category "Papers" I also therefore needed a way of accur ately measuring the light intensity, and I did this using a light intensity monitor. I obtained the following results: Light intensity (%) Number of oxygen bubbles collected 100 38 95 51 90 45 85 36 80 33 75 14 70 7 65 1 60 0 Although this is a very quick, simple and efficient way of obtaining an idea of the trends for the graph, and the boundaries for the measurements, this experiment was not in itself in my opinion accurate enough to be the basis of my main experiment. This lack of accuracy was mainly due to the fact that by simply counting the bubbles, I was relying on each bubble being exactly the same size, which they clearly were not. The preliminary experiment will give me a best fit curve to which I can compare my main graph, and also points at either end of my results at which it is clear to see light intensity has little or no effect. Here, it was in fact at a light intensity of around 95% when it seems that another factor such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration has become a limiting factor. In my main experiment, it will not be necessary to take readings above this point. It also shows that while my outer limits are justified, it will be better to take more readings between the current light intensity values of around 60 – 95%. I will take readings at 60%, 62. 5%, 65%, 67. 5%, 70%, 72. 5% aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ This way I will obtain more results between an accurate value scale. Here are my results from my preliminary experiment: [IMAGE] Method Input variables Light intensity – This is to be varied by increasing and decreasing the distance from the light source to the plant Output variables Volume of oxygen (rate of photosynthesis) – This is to be measured by finding the number of bubbles of oxygen produced in a 30 seconds. Carbon dioxide concentration – This can affect the rate of photosynthesis, since if there is too little CO2, it can become the limiting factor. In this case, as long as the experiment is done over a short period of time, the amount of carbon dioxide used up by the plant will not be sufficient enough to cause the carbon dioxide concentration to become the limiting factor. If my experiment were to be performed over a longer period of time, this would become a problem. Water availability – Water is also required in the photosynthesis reaction, and when it is lacking, the plants’ stomata close to prevent further water loss. This closing of the stomata cells also leads to little carbon dioxide being able to diffuse through. Clearly, in a water plant, (like the pondweed) as long as the plant is fully submerged in water at all times, this will not be a problem. Temperature – Enzymes are used in the photosynthesis reactions of a plant. Therefore, temperature will increase the rate of photosynthesis, until a point at which the enzymes weaken and work at a slower rate. I am going to perform the experiment at 22 degrees, checking the temperature frequently in case the heat given off from the light should slightly raise the temperature, in which case I shall simply refill the beaker with more water after each experiment. Apparatus list A § Desk lamp A § Elodea pondweed A § Clamp A § Water A § Thermometer A § Test-tube A § Beaker A § Cold water A § Stopwatch A § Light intensity meter Cut a stem of Canadian pondweed of about 7cm in length. Fill a test-tube with water, and place it in a clamp. Then place the test tube into a beaker of cold water. Insert a thermometer into the beaker, and record the temperature at the beginning and end of each experiment, (as a precaution against a significant unexpected rise in temperature). Set up a lamp at a set distance from the plant, ensuring that this distance is from the filament of the lamp to the actual pondweed, rather than the edge of the beaker. The light intensity must be measured in the same way as described in the preliminary experiment. When bubbles are being produced at a steady rate, start the stopwatch and count how many oxygen bubbles are produced in 30 seconds. Repeat this experiment three times for accuracy. Following the aforementioned method, I obtained these results: Light intensity (%) Number of bubbles counted Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 95 52 0 50 90 47 48 46 85 37 39 39 80 35 32 33 75 12 13 10 70 4 2 3 65 1 0 2 60 1 0 0 From these results, I have worked out one set of average results and drawn a graph to show them. The results are rounded up to integers because the â€Å"number of bubbles counted† is discrete data (ie – â€Å"4 and a half bubbles† would not be appropriate). ======================================================= ============== Light intensity (%) Average number of bubbles counted 95 51 90 47 85 38 80 33 75 12 70 3 65 1 60 0 *****Analysis***** ================== *****My graph was in the form of a best-fit curve. I drew it as a curve rather than a straight line because of the clear pattern of the points. This meant that the rate of photosynthesis increased as the light intensity increased. This was because photosynthesis is a reaction, which needs energy from light to work, so as the amount of energy available from light increased with the rise in light intensity, so did the amount of oxygen produced as a product of photosynthesis. My graphs showed that the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis was non-linear, as both graphs produced a best-fit curve. However, as I expected in my hypothesis, it does appear that for the very first part of the graph, the increase in rate is in fact proportional to the increase in light intensity (i. e. a straight line) and I can show this by taking some readings from the graph: Results from graphaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ =================== From these results, I am able to say that an increase in light intensity does certainly increase the rate of photosynthesis. The gradual decrease in the rate of increase of the rate of photosynthesis (the shallowing of the curve) can be attributed to the other factors limiting the rate of photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the photosynthetic rate is being limited by certain factors, such as carbon dioxide and temperature. These factors do not immediately limit the rate of photosynthesis, but rather gradually. As light intensity increases further, so the rate of photosynthesis is being limited by other factors more and more, until the rate of photosynthesis is constant, and so is almost certainly limited in full by another factor. Overall, both graphs and my results support my predictions fully. My idea that the rate of photosynthesis would increase with light intensity was comprehensively backed up by my results. This is because a higher light intensity involves a greater level of light energy, which can then be transferred to a special protein environment designed to convert the energy. Here, the energy of a photon is used to transfer electrons from one chlorophyll pigment to the next. When enough energy has been gathered at a reaction centre, ATP can be synthesised from ADP. The oxygen collected in the experiment is in fact the by-product of this reaction, and so it is lear to see that the more light energy, the more ADP is being converted into ATP and more oxygen is produced as a result. Evaluation ========== Although I feel that my experiment was sound overall, I thought there were many points at which the accuracy was not perfect. As I have already stated, my preliminary experiment was not accurate enough to justify being used as my main experiment. This was mostly due to the fact that I was relying on all the bubbles being the same size, which they clearly weren’t, however many of the smaller inaccuracies also apply to my main experiment. Firstly, the distance between the light sources and the Canadian Pondweed were not measured to a very high degree of accuracy, especially when you note the fact that the distance should have been measured exactly from the filament of the light bulb to the centre of the plant. It is possible here to find a percentage error. I estimate that the error could have been up to 0. 5cm and I will find the percentage error for the largest and smallest reading using this estimate: Percentage error = possible inaccuracy total reading % error distance 10 5cm 1 50cm Percentage error is just how much your guess was off from the actual value. The formula is: |estimate – actual|/actual * 100% [That is: the absolute value of (the estimate minus the actual) all divided by the actual, all multiplied by 100%. ]* It is clear to see that the percentage error is much less for the larger distances. Although I was not actually using the distances as part of my results, I used them as a marker for where the lamp was placed each time, as I assumed that the light intensity would be the same each time at a particular distance. Therefore, any inaccuracies in measuring the distances, i. e. f a distance was slightly different when doing the actual experiment from the distance at which I earlier measured the light intensity, an error would ensue. The second major inaccuracy was in measuring the volume of oxygen given off. When reading the syringe there could have been an error of 0. 25mm, and again it is possible to find a percentage error. % error volume 3. 57 7ml 50 0. 5ml For the smallest volumes this is clearly a massive error, and to improve this, it would be necessary to do the readings over a longer period of time, therefore increasing the volumes, and in turn reducing the percentage errors. Another error would have been due to background light in the vicinity. We tried to reduce this error by closing all blinds in the laboratory, but due to practical reasons, we could not all perform the experiment in a separate room, and we therefore experienced light pollution from other student’s experiments. This would have had a very marginal effect on my results as a whole, but to eliminate this problem completely, it would have been necessary to perform the experiment in a totally dark room. A further inaccuracy was in the heat generated by the lamp. As I have earlier described, temperature has a very noticeable effect on the rate of photosynthesis, and so any increase in the temperature of the pond water would have had serious effects on the accuracy of my results. To ensure this did not happen, I monitored the temperature of the water before and after every reading, to check that the temperature did in fact not rise. It turned out not to be a problem, as over the short period of time taken by my experimental readings, the temperature did not rise at all. However, if I were to extend the time of my experiment to 5 minutes for each reading for example, which would have the effect of reducing other percentage errors, I would have to find some way of keeping the temperature constant. One way of doing this would be to place a perspex block between the lamp and the plant, which would absorb most of the heat, while allowing the light energy to pass through. As I mentioned in my planning, carbon dioxide concentration could have been an error in the experiment. However, I feel that due to the short period of time taken there is very little chance that the oncentration would ever have been so low as to become the limiting factor. Again if I were to carry out the experiment over a longer time period, it would have been necessary to add sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water to increase the carbon dioxide concentrations. The last inaccuracy, though a small one, was in the time keeping. The main problem here was in when to begin the minute. If fo r one reading, the minute was started just after one bubble had been produced, and in another reading it was just before, this could have had a negative effect on the accuracy of my results. I therefore ensured that in each case I started the stopwatch just after a bubble had been produced, thus heightening the accuracy. Overall, I felt that due to the small volumes of oxygen involved, my experiment was not as accurate as it could have been, however I believe it was accurate enough to support and justify my hypotheses. Improvements could have been made as I have stated, mainly by simply increasing the time taken. However, due to practical time constraints in taking the readings for my investigation, and some consequential problems relating to time extension, I could not in fact make these adjustments. The other obvious way of increasing the reliability of my results would be to take many repeat readings and find an average. To extend my enquiries into the rate of photosynthesis, I could perhaps try to link in some of the other limiting factors to the same experiment, as well as investigating them in their own right. It could also be interesting to explore the effects of coloured lights on the rate of photosynthesis, which could lead to the question of whether or not other types of light, such as fluorescent lights or halogen lights, would have a different effect on the rate of photosynthesis. How to cite Photosynthesis, Papers

Small Town free essay sample

I never imagined that living in a small town could have such an impact on my life. There was a time when I thought that it was a disadvantage the same boring routine every day. Even though I had never been to the city, I always thought that living there would be much better than a small town. I used to think that life in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, was dull and filled with mind-numbing routines. I felt that the most exciting thing was the football games on Friday nights. I hated that everyone seemed to know everything about everyone else. Everyone seemed nosy and gossipy. I also didn’t like the fact that people seemed very close-minded. I felt trapped. I felt like I was missing out on opportunities. It seemed to me that city life would be active and exciting. Then, when I was a sophomore, I took my first trip to New York City. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Town or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was thrilled. I couldn’t wait to experience the city. However, when I arrived in the Big Apple, it wasn’t at all what I had imagined. I knew it was home to thousands upon thousands of people, but I hadn’t expected to see so many people on the street at one time. Not only were the streets filled with people, but everyone was trying to get places in a hurry. Everything moved at such a fast pace. People weren’t friendly either. When I took the subway for the first time, I said hello to the middle-aged woman next to me. She looked at me with disgust and didn’t utter a word. City life was not at all what I had expected. After just one day, I realized how important my small town is to me. Now I appreciate the familiar faces I see every day. I like the feeling of security and belonging my town offers. Jim Thorpe gives me a sense of community and togetherness that the city doesn’t provide. I realize just how much a simple hello does for someone it really can make your day a little better. My big trip showed me that my small town really has instilled morals and values in me that I didn’t even know I had. Even though there isn’t much to do here, I really value the simplicity of life. I never would have known what a big place my town holds in my heart if I had not taken that trip to New York City.